Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Gender Stereotype And...

In Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart gender stereotype and the difference between men and women, and also how women are treated compared to men, are presented very boldly throughout the whole novel. Showing these stereotypes and maybe certain rights that were provided for one gender and not the other is important when it comes to understanding the novel more because it shows how things were in villages like Umuofia during the time (but mostly before) when Christian missionaries and white men had taken over, and showing it through these stereotypes might have been Achebe’s goal in showing the difference between the two genders during this time period. In chapter two it says, â€Å"Even as a little boy he had resented his father’s failure and weakness, and even now he still remembered how he had suffered when a playmate had told him that his father was agbala. That was how Okonkwo first came to know that agbala was not only another name for a woman, it could also mean a man who had taken no title.† This quote in the novel shows the gender stereotype of women because; Okonkwo’s friend had compared his father to a woman because he was a weak failure. This connects to the fact that Okonkwo is known for hating being thought of as weak or as a failure because he would hate to be given the description that a woman should have. Because the stereotype of a woman is that she is fragile and weak and men often have to do their hard work for them, which leads people to think thatShow MoreRelated Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe963 Words   |  4 Pages In the book Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe there are a lot of characteristics that are considered male and female. In the story, which is about a man named Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a Nigerian man , who is a yam farmer, and for no reason wants to be labeled as anything other than manly. See in the Igbo society everything is gendered to male or female even the crops. The yam is consider the king of the crops, so it is no wonder why Okonkwo is a yam farmer. In this book it tells a story aboutRead MoreThings Fall Apart By William Butler Yeats3426 Words   |  14 PagesFirst 50 Things Fall Apart refers to a situation deteriorating from an original functionality and transitioning into negative change in perspective of the experiencer. I have already read the book, so I can only give my opinion in that perspective. The phrasing itself, that things fall apart, versus ‘things are falling apart’ or ‘things can fall apart’ foreshadows the inevitability of this destruction with no chance of stopping it. Things Fall Apart begins with an epigraph by William Butler YeatsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael

The Conflict Between Arabs And Jews - 1788 Words

1967: War in the Middle East Jose Manuel Santoyo Midterm Research Assignment History 3390 Sabri Ates The 1967 war, also known as the six day war, was a continuation of the conflict between the Arabs and Jews. This war is significant because it helped reshape the political landscape of the region, and the reconfiguring of the Israeli borders due to the occupation by Israel after they defeated the Arab states in six days. The war also established Israel as a superpower in the middle east as they defeated Egypt, Jordan, and Syria and occupied the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, East Jerusalem, and Golan Heights. Although Israel, Syria, Jordan, and Egypt were the combatants in the development of this war, outside influence from the United States and the Soviet Union was present as they supplied arms for Middle Eastern states. This essay will analyze events that led Israel to defeat the Arabs analogous to the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. Some Historians do not attribute specific events as the sole cause of the war. Eric Hammel argues that â€Å"There was no single cause for the war that erupted between Israel and her Arab neighbors...† rather, there were a series of scattered events such as the November 13, 1964 battle between Syria and Israel germane to discrimination, poor living conditions, and lack of resources provided to Israeli Arabs which positioned them against the Jews. Another reason provided by scholars is the Soviet Union’s involvement byShow MoreRelatedThe Conflict Between Palestinian Arabs And Jews2267 Words   |  10 PagesThe conflict between Palestinian Arabs and Jews is a phenomenon that stems from the struggle over land defined exclusively as a â€Å"Holy Land† by both groups. Their competing claim to this territory and the constant struggle for exclusive political control has created irreconcilable differences. Jewish claim over the land is based on a covenant made between G od and Abraham and the need for haven from the growing anti-Semitism in Europe. Palestinian Arabs claims to the land are based on their continuousRead MoreThe British s Involvement During The 1947-1948 War Of Independence Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the 1947-1948 War of Independence. The British s involvement in the conflict during the 1910 s-1940 s is responsible for those deaths through a narrative of events in the upcoming years to the war. The British fuelled the Arab-Israeli conflict by antagonising the Palestinian Arabs, by sentencing the Jewish people to death and by beginning the 1947-1948 Mandatory Palestine war of independence. The Arab-Israeli conflict roughly began with minor disagreements and altercations since the lateRead MoreJew in the Arab World 1071 Words   |  5 Pagesof conflict with Middle East region especially in Jews and Arab sides. The United Nation Resolution 181 (1947), this resolution impacts the stability in the Middle East region which leads to many conflicts between Arab and Jewish minority. Therefore, partition was in Arab perspective is planned for the divided Arab world to cause instability among Arabs and minority so western imperialism can easily roll over the Arab region to drain resources and protect their interest in the region. In Jew perspectiveRead MoreThe Arab Israeli War ( 1948-49 ) A Political Conflict?1719 Words   |  7 PagesPreliminary Modern History Mr. Powell Historical Investigation â€Å"To what extent was the First Arab-Israeli War (1948-49) a political conflict?† WORD COUNT: 1388 In order to assess to what extent the First Arab-Israeli war was a political conflict, a working definition of ‘political conflict’ is needed. In this essay, the phrase ‘political conflict ’ refers to conflict motivated or influenced by a nation’s government or by the power, interests and security of a state.Read More Nationalism In The Middle East Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagestwo different nations, that of Jews and Arabs, coincide to create a very volatile conflict that has run its course for nearly a whole century. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A â€Å"nation† is defined as a group with a common culture, language, folkways, and values. A â€Å"state† refers to a government in control of territory and population. For example, Israel is a state and a nation since it consists mainly of Jews. However, Palestine is a nation because it consists of Arabs with a common culture, but notRead MoreThe Problems in the Middle East Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesland of Israel once belonged to the Jews in 1948, but Diaspora, the Arabs claimed the land. Since the return of the Jews to their homeland the two races have fought over what they both claim to be their Holy Land. The conflict between Arab and Jew still rages, with suicide bombings and militia violence happening every day. Because of the nature and age of the conflict, perhaps a lasting peace between Arab and Jew is impossible. Jews believe that their God promised theRead MoreThe Palestinian Conflict Of The Middle East1654 Words   |  7 PagesIsraeli-Palestinian Conflict The creation of two sovereign states is the only possibility of a peaceful end to the conflict over historical Palestine in the Middle East. To achieve this, a third-party must offer enough incentive to both the Arabic and Jewish states and create a sovereign Palestinian state. This is not a very probable outcome, as the conflict is rooted in the peoples’ traditions and beliefs making it much harder to compromise. I predict this conflict will end in the overwhelmingRead MoreA Brief Note On The Arab Israeli War1203 Words   |  5 PagesModern Essay Arab and Israeli Conflict The Middle Eastern area has experienced and suffered more conflict and blood shed than probably any part of the world. The Arab-Israeli war in 1948 was the first step of a century of bloody and hostile conflicts. The Arab- Israeli war was caused by a number of factors both intraregional and international, which created a catalyst of war through a complex situation. This was triggered by Israel’s independence declaration in 14 May 1948; in the Arab-Israeli warRead MoreThe Reasons Behind the Difficulties of Bringing Peace to the Middle East1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reasons Behind the Difficulties of Bringing Peace to the Middle East A major source of conflict in the Middle East during the last fifty years has been the dispute between Arabs and Jews over Palestine. For hundreds of years, the great majority of the people living in Palestine were Arabs. But at the end of the nineteenth century some Jews in Europe were becoming increasingly bitter about growing anti-Semitism. They started to talk about setting up a state of their Read MoreLong Term and Short Term Causes of the Arab/ Israeli Conflict1311 Words   |  6 PagesThe Arab Israeli conflict. The Arab/Israeli conflict is a conflict between the Arabs and the Jews over a small piece of land known as the holy land which is an area in the Middle East of the Arab world. The Arabs call the land Palestine, the Jews call it Israel but both religions have strong religious links with the land. There is conflict between the two religions because they both believe that the land belongs to them. it all started back in 135 AD when the Jews were expelled

Managing Information Systems Financial Times MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Managing Information Systems Financial Times. Answer: Introduction To start with, in this period of speedy globalization, growth in information technology as well as continuous marketplace modification, companies all around the globe are investing huge amount yearly for managing both technical and non-technical aspects in highly efficient and effective manner (Muller and Turner, 2010). In the present day, approach of information management is considered as being one among the standalone concept valid within all work spheres for achieving quality outcomes with the accessible resources in the provided time-period (Atkinson, 1999). Moreover, the practices involve several sub steps like analysis, developing of plan, resource allocation, budgeting, risk mitigation, scheduling and quality control (Collyer and Warren, 2009). It is extremely important for each and every organization to take measures to maintain its position and attain competitive advantage. The word Technology seems to be a very simple word on its own but what matters is the way it is perceived differently by different people. From a software developer view point, it is simply a piece of code while from end-users perspective; it is a product which makes work fast and easy. According to Powell Micallef (1997), millions and billions of pounds and dollars every year are invested to possess latest technology and deal with the changing organizational needs. Similarly, in order to tackle the changing needs, Woolworths and Paladin Energy focused on the decentralized approach for management and thus firstly, the information technology management was split up amongst the various working braches. Each firm branch had its own information technology unit dealing with operations, expansion and safeguarding issues. Woolworths and Paladin Energy realized that the centralized data sharing mechanism was not suitable and thus, application programmers, users and management were not getti ng the support they required. There was occurrence of huge data redundancy. For example, data in New Jersey was shared with a large number of companies whereas the Belgium branch provided support only to the European branches including Africa and some parts of Middle East. But the main TCP/IP router was controlled by the European regional centre. Further, in centralised network, the WAN and LAN integration is very rigid and difficult to manage. Moving ahead, the beginning of the year 1995 highlighted several limitations and drawbacks of the Woolworths and Paladin Energy existing IT infrastructure with the view to adopt to changing business needs and requirements. Firstly, proper attention was not being paid to the IT applications and time was being spent on infrastructural management. Secondary, latest technological inventions were absent which were creating obstacles in the networking and communications. Thirdly, proper funding mechanisms and methods were absent and this was one of the major reasons behind the slow growth of the company. Finally, there were absent of information sharing techniques between firms. After analysis of the above described problems, Woolworths and Paladin Energy Group made lots of significant IT changes such as restructuring of IT infrastructure, establishing information standards, funding IST investments in order to developed enhances business ventures and enhance economies of scale. In case if an individual wants highest degree of safety from firewall and is willing to put up with a number of provocations, the most suitable option would be installing Comodo Firewall (Vacca, 2009). This particular Firewall is an extremely effective safety device for the purpose of keeping computers safe from different Internet fears. The firewall efficiently blocks Trojans, hackers trying to control the PC along with other internet and network threats without any charge. At the time of installing Comodo Firewall, the person is provided an option of whether to set up only the basic firewall, firewall having Optimum Proactive Defense or Firewall having Maximum Proactive Defense+. Additionally, the higher the level of safety, greater the firewall invasiveness; as a result one must balance safety against annoyance at the time of making his/her choice. Moreover, the user could at all alter the protection level later, at the time of running the program (Vacca, 2009). Furthermore, on firewall testing through making use of an invited attack, a firewall effectively performs like an obstacle amid the internet and computer and prevents the distrustful contents. Additionally, there are a number of things that personal firewalls could do effectively. Nonetheless, there are also things that they could not do for protecting the personal computers. Firewalls can easily safeguard the computer and personal data from hackers entering the system; Viruses and Worms that spread across Internet along with Outbound traffic from the computer created through a virus contamination (Vacca, 2009). Despite the actuality that personal firewalls are seen as being a valued source of information safety, there are some attacks that personal firewalls couldnt safeguard against such as phishing scams and email interception. For most effective possible safety against several security issues that prevail, personal firewalls need to be utilized along with other safety means such as anti-virus software, encryption packages and spyware software (Vacca, 2009). Additionally, just like the malicious-code nemeses great advancement has been observed in personal firewalls. Current offerings in actuality balance the antivirus software through way of providing security against suspicious and malicious attachments and highlighting if specific operating system or applications aspects have been changes. Even though, personal firewalls provide a high amount of safety for PCs even then there exist few areas where further improvement in needed (Vacca, 2009). As a result, this makes it important for peop le to have anti-spyware and antivirus programs together with firewalls on computers for complete safety. Further, anti-spyware and antivirus software is fundamentally a meansused for detecting, preventing and removingthreats and malware of various different types. Establishing Information Technology Standards Development of new and innovative techniques and methodologies at companies has been made possible due to self-sufficiency of IT entities. Further, the hardware front brings to light the various differences in technologies such as routers and bridges. In contrast, to this the software area highlights several network operating systems, regular debates on desktop products and also, nine different email systems innovated by Woolworths and Paladin Energy. Moreover, it is highly believed that in order to strengthen the infrastructure it is very essential to limit the group of standards. For instance, it is quite impossible to sharpen the skills of several different routers and bridges. Circumstances like monitoring non-standard implements while in a position, sectionalizing and troubleshooting, accessibility of appropriate retailer etc. involve lot of time. It is not easy at all point of time for functioning companies to adopt standards laid down by computing and networking services. Acco rding to Jim, IT organizations should focus on efficient and gainful preferences along with keeping users wants and necessity in mind. Zuboff (1988) states that it is extremely important for firms to develop a socio-technical network which technology envelopes society and organisations around itself. The functioning companies took over the corporate and European network services infrastructural development techniques and were liable to pay for whatever services they received. Moreover, this charging method came up as a hindrance in the trail of infrastructural investments. Moving ahead, it is next to impossible for self-governing associations to gain the benefits of infrastructural savings. Further, it is of utmost importance that the cross company units like HCS should restructure themselves in accordance to benefit of Woolworths and Paladin Energy even if companys cost enhances. As the funding techniques in which the users is expected to pay for infrastructural innovations throws negative impact on investment scale. Creating Data Structures With main aim to remain updated and respond to global market changes, Woolworths and Paladin Energy focused on the establishment of customer support centres. With launch of customer support centres, total numbers of sales were truncated as cross company data was absent which is required for management of franchise braches. For example, Woolworths and Paladin Energy Sweden built up data stores on realizing the necessity of Swedish customer base. Further, as far as the case of global franchise was concerned such as oil business, it was discovered that the product costs, codes, number etc were linked to consumers on a nation level and not on a universal or regional level. However, it should be noted that in special cases similar meaning data is discarded in order to avoid data redundancy such as in case of usage of centralized/joint data sharing systems. The organization also fabricated three different proposals in order to inculcate organization synchronization and collaboration in ord er to ensure easy data sharing. Firstly, setting and following new data standards and definitions for data elements usage and sharing. Secondly, detailing and formulating the IT infrastructure to speed up data sharing process via electronic transfer. Finally, considering IST as an important element of the organization towards corporate decision making process. Several scholars state that if the above stated strategies are implemented appropriately, both efficiency and effectiveness of the firm are assured to increase. To start with, PRINCE2 is considered as being a procedure based concept for information management, making available an easily transformed along with scalable information management approach for dealing with different types of projects (Lim and Mohamed, 1999).Moreover, PRINCE2 that highlights information in well-ordered settingis fundamentally a concept for effective management of projects and information (OGC, 2002).Additionally, its a standard, easy and tailorable information management concept. It involves the way of systematizing, administering and managing projects. It allows the corporation to effectively offer the appropriate goods and services, well on time and within provided budget. Also, it aids greatly in dealing with risk, managing quality and altering competently. The PRINCE2techniqueis within the sphere of community, offering the non-proprietarily highly exceptional practice assistance associated withinformation management. There are a number of key features of PRINCE2 like its focuses upon high concentration for business explanation, a delineated corporate framework for the information management panel, effective planning approach, concentrates on dividing the project into convenient and controllable levels, flexible for being taken up at a level appropriate for the project, obtaining information from experience, well-defined accountabilities and tasks, handled through levels and exclusion and focuses upon offered products as well as their quality. Further, PRINCE2 does not involve all areas of information management. Sections such as leadership and individuals management capabilities, thorough exposure of information management techniques and tools are properly covered by some other prevailing and verified techniques and are as a result not included in PRINCE2 (Muller and Turner, 2010). Recommended Solution PRINCE2 is considered as being an effective worldwide product and is the standard approach for information management, not only because it involves good amount of sound approaches within information information and offers a flexible and bendable approach for going well with every individual project (Burke, 2003). Moreover, PRINCE2is a method for dealing with projects developed for offering a model involving a wide array of actions and regulations required during a project (Wysocki and Lewis, 2001). The focus throughout the PRINCE2 is placed on Business Case, which mirrors the chief values and business rationalization project. Furthermore, the Business Case leads all project management process, from principal information arrangement the effective storage. PRINCE2 is considered as being a procedure based concept for information management, making available an easily transformed along with scalable information management approach for dealing with different types of projects (Lim and Mohamed, 1999).Moreover, PRINCE2 that highlights information in well-ordered settingis fundamentally a concept for effective management of projects and information (OGC, 2002).Additionally, its a standard, easy and tailorable information management concept. It involves the way of systematizing, administering and managing projects. It allows the corporation to effectively offer the appropriate goods and services, well on time and within provided budget. Also, it aids greatly in dealing with risk, managing quality and altering competently. The PRINCE2techniqueis within the sphere of community, offering the non-proprietarily highly exceptional practice assistance associated withinformation management. There are a number of key features of PRINCE2 like its focuses upon high concentration for business explanation, a delineated corporate framework for the information management panel, effective planning approach, concentrates on dividing the project into convenient and controllable levels, flexible for being taken up at a level appropriate for the project, obtaining information from experience, well-defined accountabilities and tasks, handled through levels and exclusion and focuses upon offered products as well as their quality. Further, PRINCE2 does not involve all areas of information management. Sections such as leadership and individuals management capabilities, thorough exposure of information management techniques and tools are properly covered by some other prevailing and verified techniques and are as a result not included in PRINCE2 (Muller and Turner, 2010). Several corporations presently are taking on the capabilities and provisions of external vendors, functioning beside in-house resources, for improving their abilities for providing successful information management and projects. PRINCE2 offers a means of controlling such resources along with allowing the groups to include and function together competently on some project. Moreover, PRINCE was initially developed during by the UK government like the standard approach for IT (Information Technology). Since then, the approach has been enhanced for being a general, unmatched practice approach suitable for administering different types of projects and also, holding an approved record external to IT and government spheres (Boddy et al., 2002). Additionally, the concept of PRINCE2 has been greatly employed and personalized through public and private sectors and is currently UKs the United Kingdom'sleading approach for administering information and projects. There is a rapidly rising global interest. The concept is developed for integrating the requirements along with familiarities of present clients globally. The application of PRINCE2 provides greater and suitable control of resources and the ability for administering project along with business threat more competently that it offers benefits to individuals searching for effective information management capabilities and sound employment prospects, executives, project managers or directors responsible for companies and projects (OGC, 2002).There are various benefits linked with the adoption of PRINCE2 nevertheless primarily itensures that the information management is focused towards on-going project feasibility with respect to its Business Case. Second, itinvolves top management in the project at the right time and right place. Third, itfocuses upon Products, which provide lucidity for all teams part of what a specificproject must offer, why, for whom, when and by whom (OGC, 2002). Fourth, itenables control at all levels, makes project progress highly observable for the management,provides a means of interaction for all project staff mem bers andensures that the work progresses in the suitable progression (Wysocki and Lewis, 2001).Furthermore, itallows the project to be closed and in case if required, started once more completely underthe management control, during any time all through the project life. Finally, PRINCE2involves a properly devised User Group directed towards the support, fortification and promotion of the approach.PRINCE2 is an integrated model of processes together with themes, which manage planning, control, allocation and monitoring of different areas related to every project i.e. quality, costs, timescales, extent, benefits and threats (Gray Larson, 2000). Moving ahead, PRINCE2 concept divides the entire project into controllable stages and offers the individuals responsible for such stages with appropriately outlined goals. Because of the actuality that each phase holds an extremely-described starting point and ending point, companies along with individuals discover it simpler for presenting estimates of the overall resources and duration required for accomplishing a given activity (OGC, 2002). Further, being a structure, PRINCE2 enables all individuals focusing upon the project together with a particular task and accountabilities; thus, if an issue occurs anytime all through the project, other individuals know exactly who is accountable for modifying it. Furthermore, one among the success stories associated with PRINCE2 takes in the case of local authority of Chester City Council. Apart from in-house reservations through stakeholders along with usual included suspicion, the concept of PRINCE2 for information established as being a sound accomplishment during the year 2004. The concept was considered as being simple to use and execute. Conclusion The essay clearly depicted the way ICT can help respond to it. It depicts the way, companies focus on decentralized management techniques since last one hundred years with global expansion as the business and operational strategy. The essay also brought to surface the concept of organizational change and thereby different ICT methods and techniques such as establishing information technology standards, funding infrastructure investments, creating data structures etc which can help increase efficiency and attain sustainable competitive advantage. Further, it has been discovered that in this era of changing market and needs, organizations should continuously frame strategies which align business with technology. Organizations staff and employees should be well trained about the usage of Information Systems and its working. Secondly, influence of performance on payout should be well monitored and lastly, conducting regular market researches in order to figure out what technologies are b eing used by the competitors. As described by Weick and Robert (1999), attempts should be made to maintain equilibrium at all the three stages of the change i.e. freeze, rebalance and unfreeze. In this era of globalization, rapid advancement in information technology and continuous market change, organizations worldwide are investing millions and billions of dollars annually to manage both technical and non-technical projects in the most effective and efficient way (Muller and Turner, 2010). Today, information management approach is recognized as one of the standalone practice applicable in all work sectors to achieve quality results with the available resources within the set deadline (Atkinson, 1999). References: Atkinson, R. (1999) Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 337-342 Collyer, S. and Warren, C. M. J. (2009) Project management approaches for dynamic environments,International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 335-364 Jones, G. R. (2009) Organisational theory, design change (6th Ed.). Markus, M. L. And Robey, D. (1988) Information Technology and Organizational Change: Causal Structure in Theory and Research, Management Science, Vol. 34, No. 5. Powell, T. C. Micallef, A. D. (1997) Information Technology As Competitive Advantage: The Role of Human, Business and Technology Resources, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 375-405. Zuboff, S. (1988) In the Age of the Smart Machine, New York: Basic Books. Boddy, D., Boonstra, A. and Kennedy, G. (2002) Managing Information Systems, Financial Times Prentice Hall Burke, R. (2003) Project Management: Planning Control Techniques (4th Ed) John Wiley Sons Gray, C. Larson, E. (2000) Project management: the managerial process, Irwin/McGraw-Hill: Boston, USA. Lim, C. S. and Mohamed, Z. (1999) Criteria of Project Success, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 17, pp. 243-248 Muller, R. and Turner, R. (2010) Leadership competency profiles of successful project managers, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 437-448 OGC (2002) PRINCE2: Business Benefits through Project Management, The Stationery Office OGC (2002) PRINCE2: Tailoring PRINCE2, The Stationery Office Vacca, J. R. (2009)Computer and information security handbook, Amsterdam: Elsevier Wysocki, R. K., Beck, J. R. and Crane, D. B. (2000) Effective Project Management, (2nd Ed.) Wiley Wysocki, R. K. and Lewis, J. P. (2001) The World Class Project Manager: a professional development guide, Perseus Publishing

Reducing The Military Essays - United States Armed Forces, Military

Reducing The Military With the end of the "Cold War" America's armed forces are too large and expensive to maintain while in an era of peace. The roles of the military has changed, and the United States has come to the conclusion that military might no longer means having the larger force. Politicians have initiated the closure of bases, the reduced production by defense contractors, the decrease in military and civilian personnel. The actions taken to reduce the military has left dwindling numbers, and this must be changed to ensure that the U.S. military continues to be a mighty super power. The idea of a smaller military was not even considered during the "Cold War", but today the treat to America is at a all-time low. This has sparked politicians to restructure the forces and reduce the spending needed to maintain those forces. These reductions are based on the budget spending what is not cost effective to the U.S. and the public. The cost cutting needs to be done, without too large of an effect on the employed personnel, whether military or civilian (O'Rourke, 2). Though the reductions in the forces still needs to be made, careful monitoring of the amounts of The reductions in personnel have gone past the recommended limit set Congress, and have created a greater need for personnel. If a conflict were to happen to day, the U.S. could only send four heavy divisions, compared to the seven sent during the Gulf War. This greatly decreases America's ability to thwart an attack from several different countries at one time. This idea of sustaining several conflicts at one time has been a major Because the U.S. is the last great superpower, it is a very large target, and when involvement is needed to aid others the forces are diminished the ability to be an effective deterrent. Analysts have seen an increased demand for the continued policing actions that the U.S. plays a major part in. Congress has also cut spending on defense technology, which has caused defense contractors to make cutbacks in employees. 1.3 million jobs have been cut since the employment peak of 1987. This has caused increased inflation, and has hurt the economy of United States. Reconstruction of the spending on the technology needs to equally dispersed through the market to even out jobs for all defense companies.

Lit Essay Essay Example

Lit Essay Essay Example Lit Essay Essay Lit Essay Essay Essay Topic: A Streetcar Named Desire In a Streetcar Named Desire, the mall characters demonstrate aspects of both power and weakness in their relationships to each other. I strongly agree that, in Tennessee Williams play, A Streetcar Named Desire, the main characters display characteristics of both Power and weakness throughout the plot. The Main Characters Stanley, Stella and Balance are constantly partaking in power plays where they experience dominant and submissive stances. Firstly I am going to discuss how Stella is depicted as both powerful and weak through her succumbing to balance and Stanley. Secondly I am going to explore how Balance eludes strength in her manipulative skills but simultaneously is masking her ever present weakness. Finally will take a look at the power play that exists between Balance and Stanley and demonstrate how both have moments of submission and dominance. In this play Stella, Stanley wife and Blanches younger sister, is depicted as both controlling and submissive to the other characters. We see that when Stella leaves Stanley after he hits her he becomes extraordinarily distressed and desperate for her return; so he (Screams with heaven-splitting violence) Steel-Allah this suggests that Stella as a very strong hold over him possessing the power to control Stanley and his actions. Although the next morning when Stella is forced to rationalize why she forgave Stanley for the abuse, almost immediately; she Remarks I am not in anything that I have a desire to get out of Indicating that she Is In a desperate denial of how unhealthy their annalistic relations are and seeks to be submissive because she relies on him too much. We also see how weak Stella is when Balance says Id Forgotten how quiet you were in their first encounter, This Statement reveals to us hat Stella does not have an affirmative personality and usually surrenders to the suggestions and demands of others. Balance Is both a velveteen and desperate character throughout the play. The first time Balance sees Elysian Fields she reminds herself Vie got to keep hold of myself this suggests that there is a reason for her to fall apart and this essentially Is the uncertain struggle that she faces throughout the play. Then when her and Mitch go on their first date Balance exclaims l guess It Is just that I have-old fashioned ideals we understand that she is manipulating him as she rolls her eyes knowing he cannot see her this action symbolizes dishonesty and frustration that she has to pretend to be someone shes not. Additionally we are shown how desperate Balance Is Just as she Is being dragged away to the asylum: she exclaims l have always depended on the kindness of strangers indicating that Balance is desperate for kindness and companionship and her main fear in this world is being alone. In every encounter between Stanley and Balance we see both of them struggle to establish a position of power above the other. During the first encounter Stanley asks do you mind if I make myself comfortable? And proceeds to remove his shirt; this is a symbolic masculine action that demonstrates that she is in his territory and he possesses all the power. Then we see Balance Take power in the second encounter she tells Stanley he has a Little boys mind when he cant make sense of the legal papers of Belle Reeve and this statement totally undermines Stanley masculinity essentially striping him of his power. Sadly though there 1 OFF fantasy world to say in desperate desperate circumstance! Help me! Caught in a trap demonstrating for us that she has finally lost all her power and Stanley is using he rape as a final proof of his relentless power over her helpless position. In Conclusion Stella, Stanley and Balance all experience situations in which they possess varying quantities of power. They all have aspects of their personalities that shows us that they have a fundamental weakness whilst simultaneously we watch them take control and manipulate other into desperate and dependent roles. They also have the potential to dominate others whilst other moments they are helpless to the strength of the other characters. So the statement that the characters display strength and weakness has evidently been proven.

Marie Sklodowska Curie - 1867 to 1934

Marie Sklodowska Curie - 1867 to 1934 Marie Curie is best known for discovering radium, yet she achieved many more accomplishments. Here is a brief biography of her claim to fame. Born November 7, 1867Warsaw, Poland Died July 4, 1934Sancellemoz, France Claim to Fame Radioactivity Research Notable Awards Nobel Prize in Physics (1903) [together with Henri Becquerel and her husband, Pierre Curie]Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1911) Summary of Accomplishments Marie Curie pioneered radioactivity research, She was the first two-time Nobel laureate and the only person to win the award in two different sciences (Linus Pauling won Chemistry and Peace). She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. Marie Curie was the first female professor at the Sorbonne. More About Maria Sklodowska-Curie or Marie Curie Maria Sklodowska was the daughter of Polish schoolteachers. She took work as a teacher after her father lost his savings through a bad investment. She also participated in the nationalist â€Å"free university,† in which she read in Polish to women workers. She worked as a governess in Poland to support her older sister in Paris and eventually joined them there. She met and married Pierre Curie while she was studying science at the Sorbonne. They studied radioactive materials, particularly the ore pitchblende. On December 26, 1898, the Curies announced the existence of an unknown radioactive substance found in pitchblende that was more radioactive than uranium. Over the course of several years, Marie and Pierre processed tons of pitchblende, progressively concentrating the radioactive substances and eventually isolating the chloride salts (radium chloride was isolated on April 20, 1902). They discovered two new chemical elements. Polonium was named for Curies native country, Poland, and radium was named for its intense radioactivity. In 1903, Pierre Curie, Marie Curie, and Henri Becquerel were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics, in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel. This made Curie the first woman to be awarded a Nobel Prize. In 1911 Marie Curie was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element. The Curies did not patent the radium isolation process, choosing to let the scientific community freely continue research. Marie Curie died from aplastic anemia, almost certainly from unshielded exposure to hard radiation.

Theories Of International Relations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Theories Of International Relations - Assignment Example The theory says that all states are equal, and no state can purport to direct the affairs of another country (Slaughter, pp 2-7). Due to this independence from each other, the states are never interested in the happenings of another state. This theory can be seen as a classic case of self-preservation by the individual states. Therefore, one state can never subordinate its needs or interest, or jeopardize its interest be they economic or political in favor of another state's interest. Each state will, therefore, do all it can to put itself in a position where it can protect itself from extinction. The theory further shows that there is little trust between and among states to assist each other in the event of a crisis (Walts, P.27). Constructivism is a theory that is based on interest and objects of states in the world. Unlike neorealism of s. Constructivism to of is by of in of theirs. It is not; therefore, a case of utilitarianism but one for shared goals. The theory explains that there are many reasons why states will cooperate with each other. For instance where the security country in jeopardy the other countries likely assist in that state and evidence that and the supporting states acting self-preservation (Behrahesh, para 5-7). Ministry of defense (2014) show that as the times change, there will be more insecurity will as a result of state attaching a lot of importance to the ideologies on the two issues. The states will tend to be more independent and therefore engage in detrimental activities. The states will tend to be more defensive, and the role of the UN will be peripheral as states attempt to safeguard their position. This would be a manifestation of neorealism where each state formulates its ideologies regardless of the effect it may have on the states (Ministry of defense, 2014 pp, 16).  Ã‚  

Monopoly...is a great enemy to good management. Adam Smith, (1776), Essay

Monopoly...is a great enemy to good management. Adam Smith, (1776), The Wealth of Nations, Book I, Chapter XI. Discuss - Essay Example In the light of this statement therefore this question involves the discussion of the various market structures and their contribution to the achievement of the highest possible level of allocative and productive efficiency (in both static and dynamic senses).The question already suggests that the Monopolised market structure is not conducive to â€Å"good management† or efficient resource allocation. Resource allocation in a modern economy demands allocative efficiency which means that resources should be allocated to match the wants of society. Essentially this would mean a point of allocation where no redistribution would enable one individual to be made better off without making someone else worse off. Allocative efficiency would therefore consider both the consumer (demand) and the producer (supply) and that it should satisfy the needs of both. This essay will mainly discuss the two main extremes of competing market structures i.e. monopoly and perfect competition and to a slightly lesser extent similar models along the vast range of economic models falling halfway between these extremes for example Oligopolies. Perfect Competition represents the efficiency achieved by an industry which has extensive competition and almost no interference in the market forces either by the sellers or buyers or the government. Monopoly on the other hand represents a rather inefficient means of market structure characterised by lack of competition and extensive market control. 3.The reason the statement by Adam Smith seems to resent Monopoly power is because of the complete market control by the monopolist who as the only seller in the market will control the supply of goods in the market and is able to influence the price of its product sometimes in an unfair way. Perfect competition, in contrast is preferred in this regard as a market structure where each firm has neither got any significant

The Remains of the Day Essay Example for Free

The Remains of the Day Essay Kazuo Ishiguros The Remains of the Day is an intimate portrayal of an utterly English butler through his methodical ruminations on the subjects of greatness and dignity. Stevens, the aging butler of Darlington Hall, performs his job with selflessness and a ruthless suppression of emotion. He is unsentimental, stiffly walking through job and life like an automaton. He presents himself, perhaps unknowingly, as glacially reserved, humorless (when the new owner of Darlington Hall takes over, Stevens finds himself having to practice banter in order to please his American employer), and snobbish. Out of an unquestioning respect for his betters and a misplaced need to repress all emotion, Stevens has managed to rid himself of all sense of identity, creating a blank facade that fools even himself. He is, indeed, as Galen Strawson calls him, an innocent masterpiece of self-repression (535). Stevenss lack of identity is further emphasized by the fact that he is known only as Stevens; with no apparent first name, he becomes unselfed, possessing no self outside of his manservant role. Critics have made much of the butlers namelessness, citing it as evidence of his suppression and lack of humanity. David Gurewich, for example, points out that for Stevens to have a first name would be improper, and at odds with tradition (77). He is essentially, many contend, worthy of only the surname, lacking the personal identity, as well as any affable qualities, that a given namethe Christian name, the familiar namemight lend. However, a close reading of the novel discovers that Stevens, indeed, has a first namea name of which he is obviously proud and one that is especially appropriate to his character. Early in the novel Stevenss father joins Darlington House; in his seventies, he is too feeble and old to head a household, but he is nonetheless determined to serve someone in some capacity. At one point Stevens becomes miffed when Miss Kenton, the head housekeeper, refers to his father by his first name, William; Stevens demands that she call his father Mr. Stevens. Not allowing his father to be referred to in a personal manner is the same propriety that prevents Stevens from addressing Miss Kenton by her first name and, later, by her married name. It is in large part a result of Stevenss own inability to become personable, personal, emotional. Later, obeying his dictum, Miss Kenton comments, I am sure Mr. Stevens senior is very good at his job (55,italics added), revealing through implication that Stevens is a junior, that his first name is, in fact, William. Stevens is every bit his fathers son and appropriately his fathers namesake. The shared name emphasizes that Stevens is the analogy of his father in both service and dignity. Stevens has obvious and unmitigated respect for his father, whom Stevens views as the perfect butler: [I]t is my firm conviction, Stevens says at one point, that at the peak of his career my father was indeed the embodiment of dignity' (34), the essence of a true butler. Like his son, Stevenss father demonstrates in his day-to-day life an almost inhuman restraint of emotions, in keeping, they both believe, with the dignity inherent in service. Stevens relates the tale of his fathers having to serve the general whose incompetence was responsible for a sons death; Mr. Stevens Senior, denying personal feelings to a disturbing degree, attends to the general with utter professionalism and emotionlessness, an act Stevens later sees as the personification itself of dignity in keeping with his position' (42). Years later Stevens acts with remarkably similar dignity, performing service duties while his father lies dying in an upstairs bedroom. Stevens later considers this to be the epitome of his service, regarding it as a turning point in my life as the moment in my career when I truly came of age as a butler (70). As his father dies, Stevens continues his duties, serving drinks, maintaining proper order, retrieving bandages for the deplorable M. Dupont, all the while unaware that he is crying, his inner walls crumbling under the weight of humanity, his outer walls standing firm. The act establishes him as the quintessential butler and, more important, as proper heir to his fathers name; further, it is through this act of quelled emotion and staunch repression that Stevens indeed earns his fathers name. Stevenss mirroring of his father is further evident in the butlers most intimate relationships, both of which are virtually emotionless and completely passionless. The relationship with his father is the end result of a lifetime of extreme emotional repression. This is most poignantly illustrated as his father, on his deathbed, tells his son, I hope Ive been a good father to you (97), and Stevens can only reply over and over, Im so glad youre feeling better now (97); Stevens is helpless to think of a better, more loving response. He has re-created ithin himself his fathers emotional vacuum, ridding himself of all feelings and, simultaneously, his heart. The void he has so painstakingly constructed is there to haunt him when the possibility of love appears in the form of Miss Kenton. Unable to respond to her intimations (often overt) of a desired relationship, Stevens allows the one possible love of his life to escape. His extreme professionalism prevents him from responding emotional ly to Miss Kenton on any level, allowing her instead to slip away into marriage and forever away from him. Encountering Miss Kenton, now Mrs. Benn, years later and discovering the truth of this past opportunity of love (and, subsequently, the possibility of happiness and fulfillment), Stevens is finally overwhelmed by his pent-up emotions and confesses to his pain: Indeedwhy should I not admit it? at that moment, my heart was breaking (239). Stevens sacrifices all to service, to dignity, to becoming the perfect butler; his entire existence is founded on his butlers profession. And in the end, he finds himself alone, lonelybut unequivocally worthy of his fathers name.

Urinary System Essays -- miscellaneous

Urinary System The urinary system has many different organs in order for it to work as a whole. Each organ does different functions. The urinary system consists of the two kidneys, the two ureters, the bladder, the two sphincter muscles, the nerves in the bladder, and the urethra. After your body takes what it needs from the food you eat waste products are then left behind in the blood. The urinary system works with the lungs, skin, and intestines to keep the chemicals and water in your body balanced. The urinary system removes urea from your body. Urea is made when the foods you eat that are high in protein are broken down in the body. Urea is then carried into the bloodstream to the kidneys by the renal arteries. The kidneys are bean shaped organs. They are a brownish-purplish sort of color. The outside of the kidneys are very tough, but smooth. This is described as a fibrous tunic. The outer part has millions of nephrons which are the basic unit of the kidney. The kidney is divided into two layers. The outer cortex and the medulla. When the outer cortex is stripped off you then get the medulla. The inside you have a thick mesh of muscular fibers. This is also smooth, and very even. It is very red in color, unlike the outside which is of brownish-purplish coloring. It is more red in color because it has tiny blood vessels. The kidneys are located in the posterior part of the abdomen, on both sides of the vertebral column. An easier way to say that would be right below the ribs towards the middle of your back. The right kidney is usually lower in location than the left kidney because of where the liver is. Each kidney is about 11cm long, 6cm wide, and 2.5 cm thick. The kidneys remove urea from the blood through a blood filtering unit called a nephron. There are more than 2 million nephrons in each kidney. The nephron is part of the homeostatic mechanism of your body. That mechanism maintains your water-salt balance, and it also regulates the amount of urea in your body. The blood enters the kidney through the bowmans capsule under pressure. This just surrounds the tuft of capillaries which is the glomerulus. The liquid just flows through the glomerulus under pressure. The pressure pushes the liquid out and keeps in the larger cells. This is filtration, because the glomerulus is taking the nutrients in and getting rid of the waste. After the filtering ... ...en view the bladder walls, and look for any signs of hemorrhages and damage. The treatment for IC is just to reduce the symptoms. There is no cure. You can treat it be oral drugs and changing your eating patterns. You treat it by nerve stimulants, and other drugs. Foods that are highly acidic and alcoholic, even salty will affect the flares of these pains. Considerations when a person has this disease is that they're in pain, and you can't make them do a lot of things. If they can't get up, then provide the best treatment you can by them laying down. A C.N.A will also have to watch their intake, to make sure the diet is still in affect so not to flare up any pains. Also, make sure they stop smoking because smoking is a major cause of bladder cancer. Do range of motion on the person with IC, because small exercise helps with relief of the symptoms. You may also do bladder training with your patient, to help them not use the bathroom so frequently. The training method is keep a schedule of when they should urinate, and stick to the schedule. If they have to go before then find a distraction to help them not think about it. If worse comes to worse, surgery is a possible answer too.

Capacity Contract Law

Question 1(i) Phing, 17 years old daughter of a wealthy businessman is currently studying at a University College at Kelana Jaya. She bought a luxury car Audi R8 worth RM 900,000. The car has now been delivered but she is unable to payfor it. Firstly, Phing is a 17 years old teenager which also known as minor. Minor is a person who legally underage; who has not yet attained the age of majority, and which are denied the ability to fully and freely contract. In Capacity of Section 11 define a person who is of the age of majority, sound mind and is not disqualified from contracting under any law.Age of majority is recognized as above 18 years of age as stated in the  Age of Majority Act 1971. Below are similar with the case, which case 1: Ryder v. Wombwell (1868), the defendant, an infant, having an income of only 500 Pounds per year was supplied a pair of crystal, ruby and diamond solitaries and an antique silver goblet. It was held that these things could not be considered to be nec essaries. It was observed that certain things like ear rings for a male, spectacles for a blind person, or a wild animal, cannot be considered as necessaries.For another case which case 2: Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose (1903) the plaintiff, Dharmodas Ghose, while he was a minor, mortgaged his property in favour of the defendant, Brahmo Dutt, who was a moneylender to secure a loan of Rs. 20,000. The actual amount of loan given was less than Rs. 20,000. At the time of the transaction the attorney, who acted on behalf of the money lender, had the knowledge that the plaintiff is a minor. The plaintiff brought an action against the defendant stating that he was a minor when the mortgage was executed by him.Held mortgage was void and inoperative and the same should be cancelled. In the Phing case, she is unable to pay for luxury car Audi R8 which is already delivered to her. Under the Sale of Goods Act (1979) Phing is against the section 32 of the Act goes on to say that unless otherwis e agreed, delivery of the goods and payment of the price are concurrent conditions. This means that the seller shall be ready and willing to give possession of the goods to the buyer in exchange for the price, and the buyer shall be ready and willing to pay the price in exchange for possession of the goods.However, before look on the section 32 of the Act we also have to refer the Section 3(2) of the Act. Under this section, necessaries are defined as the goods are suitable to the condition in life of the minor or other person concerned and to his actual requirements at the time of sale and delivery. â€Å"Necessaries† are things which are essential to the existence and reasonable comfort of the infant. Luxurious articles are excluded. Thus, what may be termed as necessaries depends on the nature of goods supplied as well as the infant’s actual needs.In the next case which case 3: Fawcett v Smthurst (1914) the court ruled that a minor is not bound by a contract for the hire of a car, although it was a necessary service, as the contract included the terms which make him liable for damage to the car ‘in any event’, whether or not the damage in his fault. Where there is a binding contract for necessaries, the minor is only bound to pay a reasonable price for them. Next case is relevant with luxury cases, case 4: Chapple v. Cooper (1844) a minor whose husband had recently died contracted with undertakers for his funeral.She later refused to pay the cost of the funeral, claiming her incapacity to contract. The court held her liable to pay the bill. The funeral was for her private benefit and was a necessary as she had an obvious obligation to bury her dead husband. In the next, case 5: Nash v Inman (1908) a Cambridge undergraduate, the son of an architect, was supplied with clothes, including 11 ‘fancy waistcoats’, to the value of $122. The cloth could be appropriate to the station in life of the undergraduate, but the contra ct was not enforceable because the minor was already adequately supplied with clothes.Therefore clothes supplied by the tailor could not be classified as necessaries. As conclusion, in the Phing case, she is only a minor and not has any income when she was studying, therefore, the luxury car may not be the necessaries for her. In conclusion, Phing buy luxury car Audi R8 contract is void, she is not obliged to accept and pay any damages. Question 1(ii) In this case, Phing is a 17 year old student bought a Myvi as a transport to travel back and forth from the college. In the element of contract, Phing is already against with the capacity section 11.In section 11 of capacity say that â€Å"Every person is competent to contract who is of age of majority according to law to which he is subject, and who is of sound mind, and is not disqualified from contracting by any law to which he is subject. † It means that the following three categories of persons are not competent to contract . The position of a minor is a person who has not attained the age of majority is a minor. Section 4 of the age of majority, the minority of all males and females shall cease and determine within Malaysia at the age of 18 years and every such male and female attaining that age shall be of the age of majority.However, some contracts of capacity made by infants are not void there are contract for necessaries, contract for scholarships and contract for insurance. In the case of Phing bought a Myvi may be necessaries for her to travel back and forth from the college. According the section 69 of Contract Act (1950) say that the necessaries supplied to a minor â€Å"should be suited to his condition life† it does not mean the food, clothing, shelter and education, but such things which may be necessary to maintain a person according to his condition in life.Below is the cases that related with contract for necessaries, which case 1: Kunwarlal v. Surajmal (1963) It has held that the house given to a minor on rent for living and continuing his studies is deemed to be supply of necessaries suited to the minor’s conditions of life, and the rent for the house can be recovered. For another good summary case is case 2: Chapple v Cooper (1844) where the court ruled that the funeral service of her husband was a necessary service for the young widow in this case, so she was obliged to pay. In the case of case 3: Clowes v.Brook (1739) where, though the plaintiff Farrier's claim for work done on an infant's horse failed on technical pleading grounds, it would appear clearly to have been accepted by the Court that a horse could be a necessary in certain cases. In the case 4: Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose (1903) case, the Privy Council did not consider it necessary to decide whether Section 115, Indian Evidence Act was applicable to the present case, because the money lender was not misled by the false statement made by the minor as has was aware of the real age o f the borrower .Under the Section 3(2) of the Sale of Good Act (1979), provides that if goods are sold and delivered to minors  or those mentally incapacitated  the minor will be liable to pay a reasonable price if the goods are necessaries. The case more suitable for showing this section is case 5: Roberts v. Gray (1913), in this case a minor was held liable for his failure to perform a contract for a tour with the plaintiff, a noted billiards player. It was a contract for the instruction of the minor. The contract was wholly executory and but it was held that the contract was binding on him from its formation. In conclusion, in Phing case to purchasedMyvi, Myvi car is her necessaries good for her to travel back and forth from the college and she is able to afford it, so the contract for her to purchased Myvi car is valid. Question 1(iii) Phing is 17 year old, she is a student which studying at a University College at Kelana Jaya. She now has to take a state loan of RM 20,000 f or her studies in the college. 17 year old is not attained the age of majority, for another word Phing is also call as minor. In capacity section 11 define that a person who legally underage; who has not yet attained the age of majority, and which are denied the ability to fully and freely contract.The similar case that related which case 1: Burnard v. Haggis (1863), there a minor hired a mare. It was expressly agreed that the mare will be used only for riding and not â€Å"for jumping and larking. † The mare was made to jump over a fence; she was impaled on it and killed. It was held that the minor was liable for negligently killing the mare as his act was totally independent of the contract made by him. For another similar case, which case 2: Ballett v. Mingay (1943), there a minor hired a microphone and an ampliphier. Instead of returning the same to the owner the minor passed it on to his friend.It was held that the minor’s act of passing it on was altogether outsi de the purview of bailment and, therefore, the minor could be made liable for detinue. In the Phing case, she unable to have the contract to get the scholarship, but Under the Section 69 of Contract Act 1950, it is said that â€Å"if a person, incapable of entering into a contract, or anyone whom he is legally bound to support, is supplied by another person with necessaries suited to his condition in life, the person who has furnished such supplies is entitled to be reimbursed from the property of such incapable person. Under necessaries a minor can enter into valid contract if only it is the basic need of the minor and suitable of his or her station in life or lifestyle. The similar cases that related with, which case 3: Mohori Bibee v. Dharmodas Ghose (1903) case, the minor misrepresented his age while taking loan, but the fact that the person taking the loan is a minor was known to the money lender.The Privy Council did not consider it necessary to decide whether Section 115, In dian Evidence Act was applicable to the present case, because the money lender was not misled by the false statement made by the minor as has was aware of the real age of the borrower. Contract of Scholarship between a minor and the government or non government organization is also under Section 4 (a) Contracts (Amendment) Act 1976 â€Å"the scholar entering into such agreement is not of the age of majority†. Next similar case, which case 4: Government of Malaysia v.Gurcharansingh & ors (1971) say that when the award, bursary, loan or scholarships granted by the federal or state government, a statutory authority, or an educational institution such as a university. Thisis a good example case to show the contract of scholarship, in this case Gurchran is a student who had received a government scholarship to undergo teacher training and was bonded to serve the government. However, Gurcharan left the service before completing his 5 years bond. When the Government sued Gurcharan f or breach of contract, he contended that he had no capacity to contract.The court, never the less, held that education was a necessary. For another good case is case 5: Harnedy v National Greyhound Racing Co. Ltd, where the contract does not appear to have had any connection, whether by way of analogy or otherwise, with contracts for the education or employment of children or contacts for personal services. The distinction between trading contracts and contracts for apprenticeship and education and analogous contracts may often be difficult to draw. Treitel has commented that, an infant haulage contractor is a trader, but probably an infant driver would not be.An infant house painter probably be regarded as a trader, but not an infant portrait painter. In conclusion, Phing have to take loan of scholarship to continue her study, so the scholarship will be the necessaries for Phing, so the contract for her to get scholarship is valid. Question 1(b) Johnny is an old man. He has childre n, Joe and Victoria. Johnny has informed everyone that when he dies, the property is to be shared equally among Joe and Victoria. He stays with Victoria and is totally dependent on her to look after him. Johnny loves Victoria and does whatever she tells him to do.Two months ago, Johnny transferred all his property to Victoria. In this case, Victoria take care of her father is her responsibility, but Johnny should not transfer all property to Victoria although he loves Victoria so much. Johnny should be fair for Joe too. On the other situation, Victoria maybe said something or persuades her father, Johnny to transfer all property to her. If this situation become true, Victoria is against vitiating factors, Section 10 – Contracts must be entered into with free consent of the parties and Section 10(1) – all agreements are contracts if they are made by the free consent of parties competent to contract.Section 14 Consent is free when it is not caused by Section 16(1) undue influence – Undue influence occur where there is a relationship between the parties and one party is in the position to dominate the will of the other. The dominant part uses that position to obtain an unfair advantage over the other. The word â€Å"undue influence† has the tendency to make people feel that it would include situations where one party is about to persuade the other through some kind of influence in a general sense ands. Undue influence can divide into actual undue influence and presumed undue influence.Actual undue influence as the name suggests, requires proof that the contract was entered into as a result of actual influence exerted. The claimant must plead and prove the acts which they assert amounted to undue influence. This may include such acts as threats to end  a relationship, continuing to badger the party where they have refused consent until they eventually give in. For presumed undue influence is no automatic presumption arising as a matte r of law. Here it must be established that there is a relationship of such a kind that one party in fact placed their trust and confidence in the other to safeguard their interest.Any relationship is capable of amounting to this examples include husband and wife, cohabitees, employer and employee. In Section 16(2) – person is in a position to dominate the will of another where he holds a real/apparent authority over the other, or where he stands in a fiduciary relation to the other, he makes a contract with a person whose mental capacity is temporarily or permanently affected by reason of age, illness or mental bodily distress. Next, in Section 16(3) – where a person who is in a position to dominate the will of another, enters into a contract ith him, and the transaction appears, on the face of it or on the evidence adduced, to be unconscionable, the burden of proving that the contract was not induced by undue influence shall lie upon the person in a position to domina te the will of the other as the case 1: Re Craig (1971) C, an old man of 84 years whose wife had died, employed Mrs M as secretary/companion. From the beginning she occupied a position of trust, and in addition to running the house she took a confidential part in running C's affairs.From the time of Mrs M's employment and C's death (January 1959 – August 1964) he gave her gifts worth ? 28,000 from his total assets of ? 40,000. It was held by the Chancery Division that All the gifts complained of where such as to satisfy the requirements to raise the presumption of undue influence, namely, that they could not be accounted for on the ground of the ordinary motives on which ordinary men act, and secondly, that the relationship between C and Mrs M involved such confidence by C in Mrs M as to place her in a position to exercise undue influence over him.Mrs M failed to discharge the onus on her of establishing that the gifts were only made after ‘full, free and informed discu ssion' so as to rebut the presumption of undue influence. The gifts would, therefore, be set aside. Other similar cases, which case 2: Williams v Bailey (1866) – A son forged his father's signature on promissory notes and gave them to their bankers. At a meeting of all the parties at the bank, one of the bankers said to the father: â€Å"If the bills are yours we are all right; if they are not, we have only one course to pursue; we cannot be parties to compounding a felony. The bank's solicitor said it was a serious matter and the father's own solicitor added, â€Å"a case of transportation for life. † After further discussion as to the son's financial liability the bank's solicitor said that they could only look to the father. The father then agreed to make an equitable mortgage to the bank in consideration of the return of the promissory notes. The father succeeded in an action for cancellation of the agreement.It was held by Lord Westbury that the security given fo r the debt of the son by the father under such circumstances was not the security of a man who acted with that freedom and power of deliberation that must be considered as necessary to validate a contract to give security for the debt of another. Besides that, in the Singapore High Court case, which case 3: che Som bte. Yip & Ors. V. Maha Pte. Ltd. & Ors. ( Maha Pte. Ltd. & Anor. , Third Parties) a mortgage deed was set aside in so far as it affected the plaintiff over whom undue influence was exercised.In this case the relationship was that of brothers. This relationship does not per se (That is, on the face of it) give rise to a presumption of undue influence. However, the court found as a fact that undue influence was indeed exercised. In the next similar case, which case: 4 Inche Noriah v. Shaik Allie Bin Omar (1929) case, an old and illiterate Malay woman executed a deed of gift of a landed property in Singapore in favour of her nephew who had been managing her affairs. Before executing the deed the donor had independent advice from a lawyer who acted in good faith.However, he was unaware that the gift constituted practically he whole of her property and did not impress upon her that she could prudently, and equally effectively, have benefited the done by bestowing the property upon him by a will. Held the gift should be set aside as the presumption of undue influence, which is raised by the relationship proved to have been in existence between the parties, was not rebutted. A plea of undue influence can only be raised by a party to the contract and not by a third party, this have been show in the case, which case: 5 Malaysian Freach Bank Bhd. V. Abdullah bin Mohd Yusof & Ors.It was held that in order to establish undue influence, the defendants have to prove that the plaintiff was in a position to dominate their will and thus obtained an unfair advantage by using that position. In this case, there is undue influence involving family members or friends. O ften cases arise that involve family and friends who become parties to a contract. In general, family relationships, such as between husband and wife or parent and child, are confidential relationships. These relationships, like fiduciary relationships, have at their crux a history of â€Å"informal† trust and confidential dealings.In cases that arise where a family member gains a profit or distinct advantage through dealing with a weaker party, the courts have looked to see if the weaker party is very old, mentally incapacitated, suffering from debilitating sickness, or otherwise physically or psychologically impaired. Such physical or psychological impairment combined with a lack of independent advice and a contract giving an obvious advantage to a family member would force the stronger party to prove the contract's fairness. The cases of undue influence, which case:6 Allcard v.Skinner – Miss Allcard was introduced by the Revd Mr Nihill to Miss Skinner, a lady superi or of a religious order named â€Å"Protestant Sisters of the Poor†. She had to observe vows of poverty and obedience. Three days after becoming a member, Miss Allcard made a will bequeathing all property to Miss Skinner, and passed on railway stock that she came into possession of in 1872 and 1874. She then claimed the money back after she left the sisterhood. Held: Lindley LJ, held that she was unduly influenced but barred by laches from getting restitution.And in any case she would only have been able to recover as much of the gift as remained in the defendant’s hands after some of it had been spent in accordance with her wishes. Another next case, which case 7: In Royal Bank of Scotland v Etridge 2001, the House of Lord indicates that, in normal circumstances, a wife’s agreement to charge the matrimonial home as security for her husband’s business debts is not a transaction that calls for explanation. Undue influence connotes impropriety, and should o nly be found where the husband’s influence has been ‘misused ‘.Then, the other case, which case 8: Lloyds Bank Ltd v Bundy  (1974) – Herbert James Bundy was a farmer. His son, Michael, formed a MJB Plant Hire Ltd and it was in financial trouble. Mr Bundy had already guaranteed the business with a ? 7,500 charge over his only asset to Lloyds. This was his farmhouse at Yew Tree Farm,  Broadchalke, and Wiltshire. Michael's company got into more trouble still, and needed more money. Bundy's solicitor said not to put on any more money, but they went up to ? 11,000.The assistant manager of Lloyds, Mr Head explained the company's position to Bundy (i. e. a conflict of interest) but neglected to say the company was in serious trouble. Bundy signed the guarantee and charge form. Lloyds foreclosed on the house when the money was not paid, and Bundy had a heart attack in the witness box. The question was whether the contract leading to the repossession of the hous e was voidable for some iniquitous pressure. The held is that the contract was voidable due to the unequal bargaining position in which Mr Bundy had found himself.He held that undue influence was a category of a wider class where the balance of power between the parties was such as to merit the interference of the court. It was apparent that Mr Bundy had, without independent advice entered the contract and it was very unfair and pressures were brought to bear by the bank. Another similar case, which case 9: National Westminster Bank v. Morgan (1985) Mrs Morgan jointly owned the family home with her husband. As a result of his business problems, their mortgage payments fell into arrears, and the bank started to seek possession.Mr Morgan approached the bank to arrange a refinancing loan (this work as follows: if Mr Morgan’s original mortgage was for ? 50,000, and he owed arrears of ? 5,000, he could replace the mortgage with a refinancing loan of ? 55,000, and start afresh). Mr s Morgan’s signature was required to use the house as security for the extended loans. The bank manager went to see her, in the presence of Mr Morgan; she made it clear that she had little confidence in her husband’s business and wanted to talk to the manager alone, but this did not happen, and she eventually signed to prevent the house being repossessed.The loan was not repaid, and Mr Morgan later died. When the bank tried to take possession of the house, Mrs Morgan pleaded undue influence. Next, the case which case:10 CIBC Mortgages v Pitt  (1994) Mr Pitt wished to purchase some shares on the stock market. He pressured his wife into signing a mortgage of ? 150,000 securing the family home. The stated purpose of the loan was to purchase a holiday home and pay off the existing mortgage. The husband used the money to purchase shares and then used those shares as collateral to purchase further shares.For a time the shares did very well and he was a millionaire on paper . The wife saw no benefit from these shares as any income was always used to purchase more shares. In 1987 the stock market crashed. The bank sought to enforce the security under the mortgage which at the time exceeded the value of the home. The wife raised actual undue influence in defence. The judged is the Overruling BBCI v Aboody – it is not necessary for a claimant to demonstrate manifest disadvantage where a defence is based on actual undue influence.However, as the transaction on its face did not seem to the manifest disadvantage of the wife, because the stated purpose was to purchase a holiday home, the bank was not put on enquiry and therefore could not be fixed with constructive notice. In the case:11 Bank of Credit and Commerce International v Aboody  (1990) A husband exerted actual undue influence over his wife in order to get her to sign a charge securing the family home on the debts owed by the company in which the husband and wife owned shares. The couples we re unable to repay the mortgage and the bank sought to repossess the home.The wife sought to have the mortgage set aside on the grounds that it was procured by actual undue influence of the husband. Held the husband had exerted actual undue influence on the wife. However, the transaction was not to the manifest disadvantage of the wife since she owned shares in the company. In considering whether a transaction was to the manifest disadvantage the court was to have regard to any benefits received in addition to the risks undertaken. Therefore the banks were granted possession. Furthermore, in case:12 Credit Lyonnais Bank Nederland NV v Burch  (1997) Miss Burch started working for her employer at the age of 18.She became close to the director, Mr Pelosi, who was an Italian business man 10 years older and trusted him implicitly. She often visited his home to do babysitting and went on holiday with the family to Italy. At the age of 21 she purchased a flat. 5 years later, she was stil l working for him but the company was experiencing financial difficulty. Mr Pelosi asked her to put her flat up as security for a loan taken out by the company. He told her that his home and villa in Italy were also secured on the debt but they would not accept 100% mortgage on these properties and needed another ? 0,000. She agreed to allow her home to be used as security believing that it was only ? 20,000 and that Mr Pelosi's properties would first be sold which would release the debt so that there was no risk to her. The bank had written to her and informed her that the charge was unlimited in amount and time and advised her to seek independent advice. She at no time was told of the extent of the company's borrowings which stood at ? 270,000 neither did the bank satisfy themselves that she had in fact received independent advice.In the case: 13 UCB v Williams  (2002) The Williams family (Mr & Mrs Jack Williams and their three grown up children) ran a garage business as a partn ership with the benefit of a franchise from Toyota. Toyota threatened to withdraw the franchise unless the showrooms were extended and improved. The cost for this was ? 500,000. The Williams approached the bank for a loan which asked for security by way of a charge on the three showrooms in addition to a charge on each of the partner’s home. The defendant, Mrs Williams, was the wife of one of the sons.She had signed the charge without having been told the full extent of the liability. The signature was executed in the presence of all the other partners and witnessed by Mr. Howells, the solicitor of the partnership. The charge secured all debts present and future of the partnership and provided for joint and several liabilities of all the partners. The business was unable to repay the loan and became bankrupt. UCB sought to enforce the charge and Mrs Williams raised undue influence and misrepresentation in her defence. The trial judge, HHJ Hickinbottom, held that undue influen ce and misrepresentation were established.However, he held that Mrs Williams would have signed the charge in any event had she known the full facts and also that UCB were not fixed with constructive notice as a solicitor had witnessed the signature therefore they could assume Mrs Williams had been advised accordingly. Mrs Williams appealed to the Court of Appeal. Held Mrs Williams was successful on both grounds. In conclusion, Joe still can voidable the contract about the Johnny transferred all his property to Victoria. If the contract is void, property Johnny will use back the contract in early to share equally among for Joe and Victoria.

Outline and Evaluate Issues Surrounding the Classification and Diagnosis of Depression

Outline and Evaluate Issues Surrounding the Classification and Diagnosis of Depression Scheff’s Labelling Theory is a process which involves labelling people with mental disorders when they produce behaviour that does not fit with socially constructed norms and labelling those who reflect stereotyped or stigmatized behaviour of the ‘mentally ill’. A disadvantage of labelling an individual with depression is that labelling can accentuate and prolong the issue. In addition by labelling someone with depression who in fact is not depressed may in fact become depressed as a result.Another problem is that labelling an individual with depression means that they can have problems with getting a job and leading a life in the future because they are not treated as a normal person. Thus labelling has a large effect on individuals with depression. On the other hand labelling a person with depression means that they are enabled to seek help and find treatment for themselves. A lthough labels are stigmatizing, they can also lead those who bear them down the road to proper treatment and recovery.Another issue surrounding the diagnosis and classification is that there are different types of depression outlined in the different classification manuals. Sometimes clinicians are unable to distinguish between different types accept unipolar and bipolar. However, research has shown that 10% of people diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) develop bipolar episodes later. The same was found with dysthymic disorder which can develop in MDD later; this is known as double depression and is found in 25% of depressed patients.Other diagnostic tool is the Beck Depression Inventory This is a 21 item self-report questionnaire designed to measure the severity of symptoms in individuals diagnosed with depression. Each question is designed to assess a specific symptom common in people with depression for example the sense of failure, self-dislike, social withdrawal or suicidal ideas. Items 1 to 14 assess symptoms that are psychological in nature for example feelings of sadness. Items 15 to 21 then assess more physical symptoms for example the loss of energy and irritability.Each item is accompanied by four alternative responses, graded for severity and scored from 0 to 3. The implications of using different diagnostic tools on the classification and diagnosis of depression are that reliability of diagnosing depression may be affected. Just as with physical medical disorders mental illness diagnoses are also not always reliable. The practitioner uses mainly symptoms that the patient reports rather than physical signs to reach a decision.Moods often vary over time in most people and this can have implications when testing reliability. As well as different types, there are different subtypes of depression that are recognised in the manuals and clinicians have had to distinguish between the causes of depression in order to distinguish between the sub types. For example they distinguish between endogenous depressions which are biologically determined and reactive depressions which are determined by biological stressors.Even though distinctions between these two causes of depression are not conclusive, there is a reliable cluster of symptoms which can help differentiate between types of depression. For example, the endogenous types of depression usually have more severe symptoms and higher suicide rates. Another problem arises with the diagnostic criteria for children, even though depression can remain undiagnosed in children. Children sometimes have other disorders which include behavioural problems and disruptive behaviour; therefore depression may be overlooked in the diagnosis.As well, children tend to show anger, aggressiveness and irritability rather than low mood. Co-morbidity is the incidence of a disorder being coupled with another disorder. Depression can occur with other disorders such as Schizophrenia, eating disorder and alcohol addiction and substance abuse. This makes it difficult in the diagnosis of depression, it leads clinicians to have to determine which the primary disorder, schizophrenia is or depression, eating disorders or depression.There are also issues relating to reliability which may affect the diagnosis. One type is Test-retest reliability, which occurs when a practitioner makes the same consistent diagnosis on separate occasions from the same information. In terms of depression this can be applied if the same Doctor or Psychiatrist gives a patient a diagnosis of depression on two separate occasions. The other is Inter-rater reliability occurs when several practitioners make identical, independent diagnoses of the same patient.This can be applied to depression by confirming that the diagnosis of depression is accurate in a given situation. Issues of validity also arise in the diagnosis of depression. For example, Predictive validity occurs if diagnosis leads to successful treatme nt, then the diagnosis can be seen as valid. Under the heading of depression, there are a series of depressive disorders such as Major Depressive Disorder, Pre-Menstrual Disorder etc. In terms of depression predictive validity will occur if the right diagnosis is made followed by a subsequent correct course of action.Research by Sanchez-Villegas et al (2008) supports the ‘predictive validity’ of depression diagnosis. They assessed the validity of the Structured Clinical Interview to diagnose depression, finding that 74. 2% of those originally diagnosed as depressed had been accurately diagnosed, which suggests thus diagnostic method is valid. Cultural differences may impact an individual with depression because the DSM is used in West to diagnose depression. This criterion is biased towards people in the Western world.What is considered abnormal in one culture may be considered normal in another culture. Thus someone diagnosed in Europe with depression may not have been diagnosed with depression elsewhere. In addition treatment to the disorder can be very different in different cultures. Thus an individual in two different cultures may be treated differently for depression. So therefore despite the universality of the symptoms of depression clinicians must take into account cultural differences in diagnosing depression.For example, patients from non-western cultures tend to complain more of the physical symptoms such as loss of appetite and lack of sleep than personal distress. This is supported by a study done in New York in which 36 South Asian immigrants and 37 European Americans were given vignettes describing depressive symptoms. The Asian immigrants found more social and moral problems which could be dealt with by the individual whereas the Euro-Americans tended to find more biological explanations, that required professional intervention. Outline and Evaluate Issues Surrounding the Classification and Diagnosis of Depression Outline and Evaluate Issues Surrounding the Classification and Diagnosis of Depression Scheff’s Labelling Theory is a process which involves labelling people with mental disorders when they produce behaviour that does not fit with socially constructed norms and labelling those who reflect stereotyped or stigmatized behaviour of the ‘mentally ill’. A disadvantage of labelling an individual with depression is that labelling can accentuate and prolong the issue. In addition by labelling someone with depression who in fact is not depressed may in fact become depressed as a result.Another problem is that labelling an individual with depression means that they can have problems with getting a job and leading a life in the future because they are not treated as a normal person. Thus labelling has a large effect on individuals with depression. On the other hand labelling a person with depression means that they are enabled to seek help and find treatment for themselves. A lthough labels are stigmatizing, they can also lead those who bear them down the road to proper treatment and recovery.Another issue surrounding the diagnosis and classification is that there are different types of depression outlined in the different classification manuals. Sometimes clinicians are unable to distinguish between different types accept unipolar and bipolar. However, research has shown that 10% of people diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) develop bipolar episodes later. The same was found with dysthymic disorder which can develop in MDD later; this is known as double depression and is found in 25% of depressed patients.Other diagnostic tool is the Beck Depression Inventory This is a 21 item self-report questionnaire designed to measure the severity of symptoms in individuals diagnosed with depression. Each question is designed to assess a specific symptom common in people with depression for example the sense of failure, self-dislike, social withdrawal or suicidal ideas. Items 1 to 14 assess symptoms that are psychological in nature for example feelings of sadness. Items 15 to 21 then assess more physical symptoms for example the loss of energy and irritability.Each item is accompanied by four alternative responses, graded for severity and scored from 0 to 3. The implications of using different diagnostic tools on the classification and diagnosis of depression are that reliability of diagnosing depression may be affected. Just as with physical medical disorders mental illness diagnoses are also not always reliable. The practitioner uses mainly symptoms that the patient reports rather than physical signs to reach a decision.Moods often vary over time in most people and this can have implications when testing reliability. As well as different types, there are different subtypes of depression that are recognised in the manuals and clinicians have had to distinguish between the causes of depression in order to distinguish between the sub types. For example they distinguish between endogenous depressions which are biologically determined and reactive depressions which are determined by biological stressors.Even though distinctions between these two causes of depression are not conclusive, there is a reliable cluster of symptoms which can help differentiate between types of depression. For example, the endogenous types of depression usually have more severe symptoms and higher suicide rates. Another problem arises with the diagnostic criteria for children, even though depression can remain undiagnosed in children. Children sometimes have other disorders which include behavioural problems and disruptive behaviour; therefore depression may be overlooked in the diagnosis.As well, children tend to show anger, aggressiveness and irritability rather than low mood. Co-morbidity is the incidence of a disorder being coupled with another disorder. Depression can occur with other disorders such as Schizophrenia, eating disorder and alcohol addiction and substance abuse. This makes it difficult in the diagnosis of depression, it leads clinicians to have to determine which the primary disorder, schizophrenia is or depression, eating disorders or depression.There are also issues relating to reliability which may affect the diagnosis. One type is Test-retest reliability, which occurs when a practitioner makes the same consistent diagnosis on separate occasions from the same information. In terms of depression this can be applied if the same Doctor or Psychiatrist gives a patient a diagnosis of depression on two separate occasions. The other is Inter-rater reliability occurs when several practitioners make identical, independent diagnoses of the same patient.This can be applied to depression by confirming that the diagnosis of depression is accurate in a given situation. Issues of validity also arise in the diagnosis of depression. For example, Predictive validity occurs if diagnosis leads to successful treatme nt, then the diagnosis can be seen as valid. Under the heading of depression, there are a series of depressive disorders such as Major Depressive Disorder, Pre-Menstrual Disorder etc. In terms of depression predictive validity will occur if the right diagnosis is made followed by a subsequent correct course of action.Research by Sanchez-Villegas et al (2008) supports the ‘predictive validity’ of depression diagnosis. They assessed the validity of the Structured Clinical Interview to diagnose depression, finding that 74. 2% of those originally diagnosed as depressed had been accurately diagnosed, which suggests thus diagnostic method is valid. Cultural differences may impact an individual with depression because the DSM is used in West to diagnose depression. This criterion is biased towards people in the Western world.What is considered abnormal in one culture may be considered normal in another culture. Thus someone diagnosed in Europe with depression may not have been diagnosed with depression elsewhere. In addition treatment to the disorder can be very different in different cultures. Thus an individual in two different cultures may be treated differently for depression. So therefore despite the universality of the symptoms of depression clinicians must take into account cultural differences in diagnosing depression.For example, patients from non-western cultures tend to complain more of the physical symptoms such as loss of appetite and lack of sleep than personal distress. This is supported by a study done in New York in which 36 South Asian immigrants and 37 European Americans were given vignettes describing depressive symptoms. The Asian immigrants found more social and moral problems which could be dealt with by the individual whereas the Euro-Americans tended to find more biological explanations, that required professional intervention.

The Wall essays

The Wall essays The movie is basicly based on Pink Floyds life-story. And it all starts out with Pink Floyd having flashbacks of his earlier childhood, and remembering, when he was just a little kid going out in the playground, and playing all alone, and he had no father to be around him, whenever he needed him. And not having a father, that affected him the mostly very deep. He only had his mother to look after him, take care of him and protect him, which she also did, but it was still hard for him to be raised with one parent. And in the school, his teacher was very strict and rough against the children, and that also had an influence on him. But in his aduldt life, Pink Floyd is actually a musician and at first he is just a regular guy, but subsequently he begins to smoke and drink. The drinking and smoking causes him very serious issues, like his girlfriends leaving him and having an affair with another man. Then he finds another women, but scares her away later. And day after day it gets worse and worse for him, and he slowly becomes a drug addict. Then he lies back on his chair, isolated from everything, and living in a world of his own, he starts to think about his early days again. How it all began and how he had ended so far, as he is in this position. And in the end of the movie he gets picked up by his freinds, and they give him medicine, so he can get back on his feet again. Then they drive him to the show, so he can and make a speech, about his fasicm campaign. After the show his campaign ravages the stores, and other properties that belongs to foreigns. ...