Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart Gender Stereotype And...

In Chinua Achebe’s novel Things Fall Apart gender stereotype and the difference between men and women, and also how women are treated compared to men, are presented very boldly throughout the whole novel. Showing these stereotypes and maybe certain rights that were provided for one gender and not the other is important when it comes to understanding the novel more because it shows how things were in villages like Umuofia during the time (but mostly before) when Christian missionaries and white men had taken over, and showing it through these stereotypes might have been Achebe’s goal in showing the difference between the two genders during this time period. In chapter two it says, â€Å"Even as a little boy he had resented his father’s failure and weakness, and even now he still remembered how he had suffered when a playmate had told him that his father was agbala. That was how Okonkwo first came to know that agbala was not only another name for a woman, it could also mean a man who had taken no title.† This quote in the novel shows the gender stereotype of women because; Okonkwo’s friend had compared his father to a woman because he was a weak failure. This connects to the fact that Okonkwo is known for hating being thought of as weak or as a failure because he would hate to be given the description that a woman should have. Because the stereotype of a woman is that she is fragile and weak and men often have to do their hard work for them, which leads people to think thatShow MoreRelated Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe963 Words   |  4 Pages In the book Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe there are a lot of characteristics that are considered male and female. In the story, which is about a man named Okonkwo. Okonkwo is a Nigerian man , who is a yam farmer, and for no reason wants to be labeled as anything other than manly. See in the Igbo society everything is gendered to male or female even the crops. The yam is consider the king of the crops, so it is no wonder why Okonkwo is a yam farmer. In this book it tells a story aboutRead MoreThings Fall Apart By William Butler Yeats3426 Words   |  14 PagesFirst 50 Things Fall Apart refers to a situation deteriorating from an original functionality and transitioning into negative change in perspective of the experiencer. I have already read the book, so I can only give my opinion in that perspective. The phrasing itself, that things fall apart, versus ‘things are falling apart’ or ‘things can fall apart’ foreshadows the inevitability of this destruction with no chance of stopping it. Things Fall Apart begins with an epigraph by William Butler YeatsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by Michael

The Conflict Between Arabs And Jews - 1788 Words

1967: War in the Middle East Jose Manuel Santoyo Midterm Research Assignment History 3390 Sabri Ates The 1967 war, also known as the six day war, was a continuation of the conflict between the Arabs and Jews. This war is significant because it helped reshape the political landscape of the region, and the reconfiguring of the Israeli borders due to the occupation by Israel after they defeated the Arab states in six days. The war also established Israel as a superpower in the middle east as they defeated Egypt, Jordan, and Syria and occupied the Sinai Peninsula, Gaza Strip, West Bank, East Jerusalem, and Golan Heights. Although Israel, Syria, Jordan, and Egypt were the combatants in the development of this war, outside influence from the United States and the Soviet Union was present as they supplied arms for Middle Eastern states. This essay will analyze events that led Israel to defeat the Arabs analogous to the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. Some Historians do not attribute specific events as the sole cause of the war. Eric Hammel argues that â€Å"There was no single cause for the war that erupted between Israel and her Arab neighbors...† rather, there were a series of scattered events such as the November 13, 1964 battle between Syria and Israel germane to discrimination, poor living conditions, and lack of resources provided to Israeli Arabs which positioned them against the Jews. Another reason provided by scholars is the Soviet Union’s involvement byShow MoreRelatedThe Conflict Between Palestinian Arabs And Jews2267 Words   |  10 PagesThe conflict between Palestinian Arabs and Jews is a phenomenon that stems from the struggle over land defined exclusively as a â€Å"Holy Land† by both groups. Their competing claim to this territory and the constant struggle for exclusive political control has created irreconcilable differences. Jewish claim over the land is based on a covenant made between G od and Abraham and the need for haven from the growing anti-Semitism in Europe. Palestinian Arabs claims to the land are based on their continuousRead MoreThe British s Involvement During The 1947-1948 War Of Independence Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesduring the 1947-1948 War of Independence. The British s involvement in the conflict during the 1910 s-1940 s is responsible for those deaths through a narrative of events in the upcoming years to the war. The British fuelled the Arab-Israeli conflict by antagonising the Palestinian Arabs, by sentencing the Jewish people to death and by beginning the 1947-1948 Mandatory Palestine war of independence. The Arab-Israeli conflict roughly began with minor disagreements and altercations since the lateRead MoreJew in the Arab World 1071 Words   |  5 Pagesof conflict with Middle East region especially in Jews and Arab sides. The United Nation Resolution 181 (1947), this resolution impacts the stability in the Middle East region which leads to many conflicts between Arab and Jewish minority. Therefore, partition was in Arab perspective is planned for the divided Arab world to cause instability among Arabs and minority so western imperialism can easily roll over the Arab region to drain resources and protect their interest in the region. In Jew perspectiveRead MoreThe Arab Israeli War ( 1948-49 ) A Political Conflict?1719 Words   |  7 PagesPreliminary Modern History Mr. Powell Historical Investigation â€Å"To what extent was the First Arab-Israeli War (1948-49) a political conflict?† WORD COUNT: 1388 In order to assess to what extent the First Arab-Israeli war was a political conflict, a working definition of ‘political conflict’ is needed. In this essay, the phrase ‘political conflict ’ refers to conflict motivated or influenced by a nation’s government or by the power, interests and security of a state.Read More Nationalism In The Middle East Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagestwo different nations, that of Jews and Arabs, coincide to create a very volatile conflict that has run its course for nearly a whole century. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A â€Å"nation† is defined as a group with a common culture, language, folkways, and values. A â€Å"state† refers to a government in control of territory and population. For example, Israel is a state and a nation since it consists mainly of Jews. However, Palestine is a nation because it consists of Arabs with a common culture, but notRead MoreThe Problems in the Middle East Essay858 Words   |  4 Pagesland of Israel once belonged to the Jews in 1948, but Diaspora, the Arabs claimed the land. Since the return of the Jews to their homeland the two races have fought over what they both claim to be their Holy Land. The conflict between Arab and Jew still rages, with suicide bombings and militia violence happening every day. Because of the nature and age of the conflict, perhaps a lasting peace between Arab and Jew is impossible. Jews believe that their God promised theRead MoreThe Palestinian Conflict Of The Middle East1654 Words   |  7 PagesIsraeli-Palestinian Conflict The creation of two sovereign states is the only possibility of a peaceful end to the conflict over historical Palestine in the Middle East. To achieve this, a third-party must offer enough incentive to both the Arabic and Jewish states and create a sovereign Palestinian state. This is not a very probable outcome, as the conflict is rooted in the peoples’ traditions and beliefs making it much harder to compromise. I predict this conflict will end in the overwhelmingRead MoreA Brief Note On The Arab Israeli War1203 Words   |  5 PagesModern Essay Arab and Israeli Conflict The Middle Eastern area has experienced and suffered more conflict and blood shed than probably any part of the world. The Arab-Israeli war in 1948 was the first step of a century of bloody and hostile conflicts. The Arab- Israeli war was caused by a number of factors both intraregional and international, which created a catalyst of war through a complex situation. This was triggered by Israel’s independence declaration in 14 May 1948; in the Arab-Israeli warRead MoreThe Reasons Behind the Difficulties of Bringing Peace to the Middle East1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe Reasons Behind the Difficulties of Bringing Peace to the Middle East A major source of conflict in the Middle East during the last fifty years has been the dispute between Arabs and Jews over Palestine. For hundreds of years, the great majority of the people living in Palestine were Arabs. But at the end of the nineteenth century some Jews in Europe were becoming increasingly bitter about growing anti-Semitism. They started to talk about setting up a state of their Read MoreLong Term and Short Term Causes of the Arab/ Israeli Conflict1311 Words   |  6 PagesThe Arab Israeli conflict. The Arab/Israeli conflict is a conflict between the Arabs and the Jews over a small piece of land known as the holy land which is an area in the Middle East of the Arab world. The Arabs call the land Palestine, the Jews call it Israel but both religions have strong religious links with the land. There is conflict between the two religions because they both believe that the land belongs to them. it all started back in 135 AD when the Jews were expelled

Managing Information Systems Financial Times MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Managing Information Systems Financial Times. Answer: Introduction To start with, in this period of speedy globalization, growth in information technology as well as continuous marketplace modification, companies all around the globe are investing huge amount yearly for managing both technical and non-technical aspects in highly efficient and effective manner (Muller and Turner, 2010). In the present day, approach of information management is considered as being one among the standalone concept valid within all work spheres for achieving quality outcomes with the accessible resources in the provided time-period (Atkinson, 1999). Moreover, the practices involve several sub steps like analysis, developing of plan, resource allocation, budgeting, risk mitigation, scheduling and quality control (Collyer and Warren, 2009). It is extremely important for each and every organization to take measures to maintain its position and attain competitive advantage. The word Technology seems to be a very simple word on its own but what matters is the way it is perceived differently by different people. From a software developer view point, it is simply a piece of code while from end-users perspective; it is a product which makes work fast and easy. According to Powell Micallef (1997), millions and billions of pounds and dollars every year are invested to possess latest technology and deal with the changing organizational needs. Similarly, in order to tackle the changing needs, Woolworths and Paladin Energy focused on the decentralized approach for management and thus firstly, the information technology management was split up amongst the various working braches. Each firm branch had its own information technology unit dealing with operations, expansion and safeguarding issues. Woolworths and Paladin Energy realized that the centralized data sharing mechanism was not suitable and thus, application programmers, users and management were not getti ng the support they required. There was occurrence of huge data redundancy. For example, data in New Jersey was shared with a large number of companies whereas the Belgium branch provided support only to the European branches including Africa and some parts of Middle East. But the main TCP/IP router was controlled by the European regional centre. Further, in centralised network, the WAN and LAN integration is very rigid and difficult to manage. Moving ahead, the beginning of the year 1995 highlighted several limitations and drawbacks of the Woolworths and Paladin Energy existing IT infrastructure with the view to adopt to changing business needs and requirements. Firstly, proper attention was not being paid to the IT applications and time was being spent on infrastructural management. Secondary, latest technological inventions were absent which were creating obstacles in the networking and communications. Thirdly, proper funding mechanisms and methods were absent and this was one of the major reasons behind the slow growth of the company. Finally, there were absent of information sharing techniques between firms. After analysis of the above described problems, Woolworths and Paladin Energy Group made lots of significant IT changes such as restructuring of IT infrastructure, establishing information standards, funding IST investments in order to developed enhances business ventures and enhance economies of scale. In case if an individual wants highest degree of safety from firewall and is willing to put up with a number of provocations, the most suitable option would be installing Comodo Firewall (Vacca, 2009). This particular Firewall is an extremely effective safety device for the purpose of keeping computers safe from different Internet fears. The firewall efficiently blocks Trojans, hackers trying to control the PC along with other internet and network threats without any charge. At the time of installing Comodo Firewall, the person is provided an option of whether to set up only the basic firewall, firewall having Optimum Proactive Defense or Firewall having Maximum Proactive Defense+. Additionally, the higher the level of safety, greater the firewall invasiveness; as a result one must balance safety against annoyance at the time of making his/her choice. Moreover, the user could at all alter the protection level later, at the time of running the program (Vacca, 2009). Furthermore, on firewall testing through making use of an invited attack, a firewall effectively performs like an obstacle amid the internet and computer and prevents the distrustful contents. Additionally, there are a number of things that personal firewalls could do effectively. Nonetheless, there are also things that they could not do for protecting the personal computers. Firewalls can easily safeguard the computer and personal data from hackers entering the system; Viruses and Worms that spread across Internet along with Outbound traffic from the computer created through a virus contamination (Vacca, 2009). Despite the actuality that personal firewalls are seen as being a valued source of information safety, there are some attacks that personal firewalls couldnt safeguard against such as phishing scams and email interception. For most effective possible safety against several security issues that prevail, personal firewalls need to be utilized along with other safety means such as anti-virus software, encryption packages and spyware software (Vacca, 2009). Additionally, just like the malicious-code nemeses great advancement has been observed in personal firewalls. Current offerings in actuality balance the antivirus software through way of providing security against suspicious and malicious attachments and highlighting if specific operating system or applications aspects have been changes. Even though, personal firewalls provide a high amount of safety for PCs even then there exist few areas where further improvement in needed (Vacca, 2009). As a result, this makes it important for peop le to have anti-spyware and antivirus programs together with firewalls on computers for complete safety. Further, anti-spyware and antivirus software is fundamentally a meansused for detecting, preventing and removingthreats and malware of various different types. Establishing Information Technology Standards Development of new and innovative techniques and methodologies at companies has been made possible due to self-sufficiency of IT entities. Further, the hardware front brings to light the various differences in technologies such as routers and bridges. In contrast, to this the software area highlights several network operating systems, regular debates on desktop products and also, nine different email systems innovated by Woolworths and Paladin Energy. Moreover, it is highly believed that in order to strengthen the infrastructure it is very essential to limit the group of standards. For instance, it is quite impossible to sharpen the skills of several different routers and bridges. Circumstances like monitoring non-standard implements while in a position, sectionalizing and troubleshooting, accessibility of appropriate retailer etc. involve lot of time. It is not easy at all point of time for functioning companies to adopt standards laid down by computing and networking services. Acco rding to Jim, IT organizations should focus on efficient and gainful preferences along with keeping users wants and necessity in mind. Zuboff (1988) states that it is extremely important for firms to develop a socio-technical network which technology envelopes society and organisations around itself. The functioning companies took over the corporate and European network services infrastructural development techniques and were liable to pay for whatever services they received. Moreover, this charging method came up as a hindrance in the trail of infrastructural investments. Moving ahead, it is next to impossible for self-governing associations to gain the benefits of infrastructural savings. Further, it is of utmost importance that the cross company units like HCS should restructure themselves in accordance to benefit of Woolworths and Paladin Energy even if companys cost enhances. As the funding techniques in which the users is expected to pay for infrastructural innovations throws negative impact on investment scale. Creating Data Structures With main aim to remain updated and respond to global market changes, Woolworths and Paladin Energy focused on the establishment of customer support centres. With launch of customer support centres, total numbers of sales were truncated as cross company data was absent which is required for management of franchise braches. For example, Woolworths and Paladin Energy Sweden built up data stores on realizing the necessity of Swedish customer base. Further, as far as the case of global franchise was concerned such as oil business, it was discovered that the product costs, codes, number etc were linked to consumers on a nation level and not on a universal or regional level. However, it should be noted that in special cases similar meaning data is discarded in order to avoid data redundancy such as in case of usage of centralized/joint data sharing systems. The organization also fabricated three different proposals in order to inculcate organization synchronization and collaboration in ord er to ensure easy data sharing. Firstly, setting and following new data standards and definitions for data elements usage and sharing. Secondly, detailing and formulating the IT infrastructure to speed up data sharing process via electronic transfer. Finally, considering IST as an important element of the organization towards corporate decision making process. Several scholars state that if the above stated strategies are implemented appropriately, both efficiency and effectiveness of the firm are assured to increase. To start with, PRINCE2 is considered as being a procedure based concept for information management, making available an easily transformed along with scalable information management approach for dealing with different types of projects (Lim and Mohamed, 1999).Moreover, PRINCE2 that highlights information in well-ordered settingis fundamentally a concept for effective management of projects and information (OGC, 2002).Additionally, its a standard, easy and tailorable information management concept. It involves the way of systematizing, administering and managing projects. It allows the corporation to effectively offer the appropriate goods and services, well on time and within provided budget. Also, it aids greatly in dealing with risk, managing quality and altering competently. The PRINCE2techniqueis within the sphere of community, offering the non-proprietarily highly exceptional practice assistance associated withinformation management. There are a number of key features of PRINCE2 like its focuses upon high concentration for business explanation, a delineated corporate framework for the information management panel, effective planning approach, concentrates on dividing the project into convenient and controllable levels, flexible for being taken up at a level appropriate for the project, obtaining information from experience, well-defined accountabilities and tasks, handled through levels and exclusion and focuses upon offered products as well as their quality. Further, PRINCE2 does not involve all areas of information management. Sections such as leadership and individuals management capabilities, thorough exposure of information management techniques and tools are properly covered by some other prevailing and verified techniques and are as a result not included in PRINCE2 (Muller and Turner, 2010). Recommended Solution PRINCE2 is considered as being an effective worldwide product and is the standard approach for information management, not only because it involves good amount of sound approaches within information information and offers a flexible and bendable approach for going well with every individual project (Burke, 2003). Moreover, PRINCE2is a method for dealing with projects developed for offering a model involving a wide array of actions and regulations required during a project (Wysocki and Lewis, 2001). The focus throughout the PRINCE2 is placed on Business Case, which mirrors the chief values and business rationalization project. Furthermore, the Business Case leads all project management process, from principal information arrangement the effective storage. PRINCE2 is considered as being a procedure based concept for information management, making available an easily transformed along with scalable information management approach for dealing with different types of projects (Lim and Mohamed, 1999).Moreover, PRINCE2 that highlights information in well-ordered settingis fundamentally a concept for effective management of projects and information (OGC, 2002).Additionally, its a standard, easy and tailorable information management concept. It involves the way of systematizing, administering and managing projects. It allows the corporation to effectively offer the appropriate goods and services, well on time and within provided budget. Also, it aids greatly in dealing with risk, managing quality and altering competently. The PRINCE2techniqueis within the sphere of community, offering the non-proprietarily highly exceptional practice assistance associated withinformation management. There are a number of key features of PRINCE2 like its focuses upon high concentration for business explanation, a delineated corporate framework for the information management panel, effective planning approach, concentrates on dividing the project into convenient and controllable levels, flexible for being taken up at a level appropriate for the project, obtaining information from experience, well-defined accountabilities and tasks, handled through levels and exclusion and focuses upon offered products as well as their quality. Further, PRINCE2 does not involve all areas of information management. Sections such as leadership and individuals management capabilities, thorough exposure of information management techniques and tools are properly covered by some other prevailing and verified techniques and are as a result not included in PRINCE2 (Muller and Turner, 2010). Several corporations presently are taking on the capabilities and provisions of external vendors, functioning beside in-house resources, for improving their abilities for providing successful information management and projects. PRINCE2 offers a means of controlling such resources along with allowing the groups to include and function together competently on some project. Moreover, PRINCE was initially developed during by the UK government like the standard approach for IT (Information Technology). Since then, the approach has been enhanced for being a general, unmatched practice approach suitable for administering different types of projects and also, holding an approved record external to IT and government spheres (Boddy et al., 2002). Additionally, the concept of PRINCE2 has been greatly employed and personalized through public and private sectors and is currently UKs the United Kingdom'sleading approach for administering information and projects. There is a rapidly rising global interest. The concept is developed for integrating the requirements along with familiarities of present clients globally. The application of PRINCE2 provides greater and suitable control of resources and the ability for administering project along with business threat more competently that it offers benefits to individuals searching for effective information management capabilities and sound employment prospects, executives, project managers or directors responsible for companies and projects (OGC, 2002).There are various benefits linked with the adoption of PRINCE2 nevertheless primarily itensures that the information management is focused towards on-going project feasibility with respect to its Business Case. Second, itinvolves top management in the project at the right time and right place. Third, itfocuses upon Products, which provide lucidity for all teams part of what a specificproject must offer, why, for whom, when and by whom (OGC, 2002). Fourth, itenables control at all levels, makes project progress highly observable for the management,provides a means of interaction for all project staff mem bers andensures that the work progresses in the suitable progression (Wysocki and Lewis, 2001).Furthermore, itallows the project to be closed and in case if required, started once more completely underthe management control, during any time all through the project life. Finally, PRINCE2involves a properly devised User Group directed towards the support, fortification and promotion of the approach.PRINCE2 is an integrated model of processes together with themes, which manage planning, control, allocation and monitoring of different areas related to every project i.e. quality, costs, timescales, extent, benefits and threats (Gray Larson, 2000). Moving ahead, PRINCE2 concept divides the entire project into controllable stages and offers the individuals responsible for such stages with appropriately outlined goals. Because of the actuality that each phase holds an extremely-described starting point and ending point, companies along with individuals discover it simpler for presenting estimates of the overall resources and duration required for accomplishing a given activity (OGC, 2002). Further, being a structure, PRINCE2 enables all individuals focusing upon the project together with a particular task and accountabilities; thus, if an issue occurs anytime all through the project, other individuals know exactly who is accountable for modifying it. Furthermore, one among the success stories associated with PRINCE2 takes in the case of local authority of Chester City Council. Apart from in-house reservations through stakeholders along with usual included suspicion, the concept of PRINCE2 for information established as being a sound accomplishment during the year 2004. The concept was considered as being simple to use and execute. Conclusion The essay clearly depicted the way ICT can help respond to it. It depicts the way, companies focus on decentralized management techniques since last one hundred years with global expansion as the business and operational strategy. The essay also brought to surface the concept of organizational change and thereby different ICT methods and techniques such as establishing information technology standards, funding infrastructure investments, creating data structures etc which can help increase efficiency and attain sustainable competitive advantage. Further, it has been discovered that in this era of changing market and needs, organizations should continuously frame strategies which align business with technology. Organizations staff and employees should be well trained about the usage of Information Systems and its working. Secondly, influence of performance on payout should be well monitored and lastly, conducting regular market researches in order to figure out what technologies are b eing used by the competitors. As described by Weick and Robert (1999), attempts should be made to maintain equilibrium at all the three stages of the change i.e. freeze, rebalance and unfreeze. In this era of globalization, rapid advancement in information technology and continuous market change, organizations worldwide are investing millions and billions of dollars annually to manage both technical and non-technical projects in the most effective and efficient way (Muller and Turner, 2010). Today, information management approach is recognized as one of the standalone practice applicable in all work sectors to achieve quality results with the available resources within the set deadline (Atkinson, 1999). References: Atkinson, R. (1999) Project management: cost, time and quality, two best guesses and a phenomenon, its time to accept other success criteria, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 337-342 Collyer, S. and Warren, C. M. J. (2009) Project management approaches for dynamic environments,International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 27, No. 4, pp. 335-364 Jones, G. R. (2009) Organisational theory, design change (6th Ed.). Markus, M. L. And Robey, D. (1988) Information Technology and Organizational Change: Causal Structure in Theory and Research, Management Science, Vol. 34, No. 5. Powell, T. C. Micallef, A. D. (1997) Information Technology As Competitive Advantage: The Role of Human, Business and Technology Resources, Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 18, No. 5, pp. 375-405. Zuboff, S. (1988) In the Age of the Smart Machine, New York: Basic Books. Boddy, D., Boonstra, A. and Kennedy, G. (2002) Managing Information Systems, Financial Times Prentice Hall Burke, R. (2003) Project Management: Planning Control Techniques (4th Ed) John Wiley Sons Gray, C. Larson, E. (2000) Project management: the managerial process, Irwin/McGraw-Hill: Boston, USA. Lim, C. S. and Mohamed, Z. (1999) Criteria of Project Success, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 17, pp. 243-248 Muller, R. and Turner, R. (2010) Leadership competency profiles of successful project managers, International Journal of Project Management, Vol. 28, No. 5, pp. 437-448 OGC (2002) PRINCE2: Business Benefits through Project Management, The Stationery Office OGC (2002) PRINCE2: Tailoring PRINCE2, The Stationery Office Vacca, J. R. (2009)Computer and information security handbook, Amsterdam: Elsevier Wysocki, R. K., Beck, J. R. and Crane, D. B. (2000) Effective Project Management, (2nd Ed.) Wiley Wysocki, R. K. and Lewis, J. P. (2001) The World Class Project Manager: a professional development guide, Perseus Publishing

Reducing The Military Essays - United States Armed Forces, Military

Reducing The Military With the end of the "Cold War" America's armed forces are too large and expensive to maintain while in an era of peace. The roles of the military has changed, and the United States has come to the conclusion that military might no longer means having the larger force. Politicians have initiated the closure of bases, the reduced production by defense contractors, the decrease in military and civilian personnel. The actions taken to reduce the military has left dwindling numbers, and this must be changed to ensure that the U.S. military continues to be a mighty super power. The idea of a smaller military was not even considered during the "Cold War", but today the treat to America is at a all-time low. This has sparked politicians to restructure the forces and reduce the spending needed to maintain those forces. These reductions are based on the budget spending what is not cost effective to the U.S. and the public. The cost cutting needs to be done, without too large of an effect on the employed personnel, whether military or civilian (O'Rourke, 2). Though the reductions in the forces still needs to be made, careful monitoring of the amounts of The reductions in personnel have gone past the recommended limit set Congress, and have created a greater need for personnel. If a conflict were to happen to day, the U.S. could only send four heavy divisions, compared to the seven sent during the Gulf War. This greatly decreases America's ability to thwart an attack from several different countries at one time. This idea of sustaining several conflicts at one time has been a major Because the U.S. is the last great superpower, it is a very large target, and when involvement is needed to aid others the forces are diminished the ability to be an effective deterrent. Analysts have seen an increased demand for the continued policing actions that the U.S. plays a major part in. Congress has also cut spending on defense technology, which has caused defense contractors to make cutbacks in employees. 1.3 million jobs have been cut since the employment peak of 1987. This has caused increased inflation, and has hurt the economy of United States. Reconstruction of the spending on the technology needs to equally dispersed through the market to even out jobs for all defense companies.